Primroses are flowers that most gardeners like. There are about five hundred varieties of these plants. Each of them has individual characteristics of care and reproduction. Reproduction of primrose is possible in several ways. The article describes how to grow primrose in different ways.
What it looks like and to which family it belongs
Primrose has a different name - primrose. It is a perennial and belongs to the genus primrose. In vivo grows in the northern parts of Africa, in Central Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
The flower in question includes about 500 species. However, in vivo, you can find those species that have not yet been described.
The root rosette of a plant includes leaves that may be dissected or simple. Their shape is oblong-oval lanceolate. Leaves can be both sessile and petiolate. Wrinkled and leathery leaves are also found. The latter are very dense. They are green with a gray tint.
Primrose has about five hundred species
Peduncles are long. There are no leaves on them. There are species both with single flowers and with whole inflorescences. The shape of the flowers is the most diverse: in the form of a ball, an umbrella, a pyramid, a bell. There are also tiered and pillow-shaped. The flowers are tubular with a limb flat or in the form of a funnel. There are both annual and perennial species.
Important! Primrose can be bred at room conditions.
Common varieties
All varieties of primrose are divided into 30 sections. The following are the most popular types and varieties:
Common
It grows in central and southern Europe. Places of distribution: forest edges, alpine meadows. The rhizome is short with thick roots that look like shoelaces. Lanceolate leaves 25 cm, width - 6 cm. Peduncles can be from 6 to 20 cm. Single flowers are pale yellow or white. Petals are wide, divided into two parts. Flowering begins in March. Sometimes blooming again in September.
Varieties of ordinary type:
- Virginia: white flowers with a pale yellow pharynx;
- Giga White: white flowers;
- Tserulea: blue flowers with yellow throat.
Ordinary view
High
Origin from the Carpathians and the Southern and Northern parts of Western Europe. Leaves are oval in shape with a finely serrated margin. The length of the leaf plates is 5–20 cm, and the width is 2–7 cm. The leaves narrow strongly toward the petiole. On the front side, the veins on the leaves are depressed, and on the wrong side they are convex. Inflorescences are in the shape of an umbrella. They consist of 5-15 flowers. The diameter of the flowers is 2 cm. Their color is pale yellow. Peduncle height 10-35 cm. Bloom in April for 60 days.
Varieties of this type:
- Duplex: cherry blossoms, diameter 25 cm;
- Rosea: flowers are dark pink;
- Gele Farben: inflorescences pale lilac, diameter 95 mm;
- Gold Grand: buds of brown color, diameter 25 mm.
High view
Siebold
It blooms in June. Flowers can be pink or purple. Inflorescences look like an umbrella.
View of the Siebold
Spring
Also has the name Medicinal. Origin: Europe. Leaves are ovoid and wrinkled. Their length is 20 cm and a width of 6 cm. Veins are depressed from the front part, and convex from the inside. Yellow flowers with an orange spot at the base. They can be terry or smooth. It blooms from April to June.
Spring view
Appearance story
Primrose has been known for many hundreds of years. In ancient Greece, it was called the medicinal flower of Olympus. Also, the people called it "keys" or "rams." According to the myths of ancient Scandinavia, the flowers of this plant are the keys of the goddess of fertility Freya. Thanks to them, she lets spring in. In Germany, these flowers are the keys to getting married. The Celts and Gauls primrose was present in love potions.
According to the stories of Denmark, the elf princess turned into this flower because she fell in love with an ordinary person.
Ancient Greek myths tell that a young man named Paralisos died of love. It was turned by the gods into primrose. The gods were very sorry for his death.
Important! This plant can heal many diseases, including paralysis, for which it is even called paralysis in folk medicine.
In Europe, this flower began to be grown from the 16th century. The British are especially attached to him, who even created a club for primrose lovers. Every year, primrose exhibitions are organized there.
Home Care
It is quite simple to look after a primrose at home. Keep it better where there is good lighting. It is also important not to overfill the plant. Otherwise, it can get rot.
Primula is not demanding in care
Humidity
There are no specific requirements for air humidity. However, with too low humidity, the edges of the leaves begin to dry. In this case, you need to spray the leaves with soft water.
Temperature
The room where the plant lives should be cool. When flowering, the recommended temperature is 12-15 degrees.
Watering
When flowering, it is often necessary to water, as it is required that the soil is constantly moistened. However, it is worth remembering that you can not fill the flower, as this will provoke the development of rot on the roots. After flowering, watering should be moderate.
Important! According to the advice of experienced gardeners, soft water is required when irrigating.
Top dressing
Feeding is carried out after the buds have formed. Complex fertilizers with microelements are used as fertilizers. Top dressing is carried out twice a month, before flowering is completed. If you fertilize the flower before the buds appear, then all the strength will go into the foliage. After the flowers fall off, transplant the plant into open ground or in another pot.
The soil
To plant a plant, an earth mixture is used. A good mixture should consist of sheet land, peat land, sand. Everything is taken in equal proportions. A drainage layer is also required.
Landing rules
For landing, the following rules must be observed:
- there should not be a large amount of mineral salts in the earth;
- the flowers should be well lit;
- the temperature where the flowers are located should be low;
- dried leaves must be removed immediately so that the flower blooms well;
- transplantation is carried out only after flowering;
- Mandatory drainage at the bottom of the pot.
Planting seeds is carried out from November to December. Primrose seeds will give good germination if, before planting them, keep them in high humidity at a temperature of 20 degrees. Further, temperature and humidity gradually decrease. Dive is carried out twice: March and April.
Breeding methods
There are several options for primrose propagation: seeds, dividing the bush and cuttings.
Important! From the time of planting to flowering should be at least 6 months.
Fine Toothed Primrose: Seed Growing
Growing primrose from seeds is the most affordable, but not an easy way. But after learning how to grow primrose from seeds at home for seedlings, you can get a beautiful healthy plant. Seeds are taught by artificial pollination. For germination, a stratification procedure is carried out. To do this, they are placed on a damp cloth and put them in the refrigerator.
Sowing is carried out in June or July. Capacity should be wide and low. Top seeds are sprinkled with a thin layer of earth. Then the container is covered with glass or film. Landing should be in a shaded area. The temperature regime is 15-18 degrees. The first shoots appear in two weeks.
It takes time to grow primrose from seeds
For seedling primrose use light and loose soil based on peat. Seeds are planted. Some people suggest using snow instead of watering. The mockery of the seeds takes place right in the snow. Melting snow will draw them into the ground. Close the container with foil and put it in the refrigerator for a month. The temperature should be at least 10 degrees.
After the stratification process, the seeds are transferred to the room. Many primroses germinate in the light at a temperature of +15 - +18 degrees. Shoots should be accustomed to the air gradually. It is possible to completely remove the film only after a week and a half. Seedlings of primrose from seeds must be protected from direct exposure to the sun. It is also required to maintain soil moisture. It is necessary to dive the plant after 1-2 leaf appears.
Growing primrose from seeds is a lengthy process. It is recommended to grow them in a pot until next spring. The plant begins to bloom only in the third or fourth year.
Important! When grown from primrose seeds, complete darkness is necessary.
How can primrose be propagated by dividing the bush
Primrose can be propagated by dividing the bush. This method can be used not only for reproduction, but also for the rejuvenation of plants. You should not keep the flower in one place for more than five years. If you do not share it, then the leaves and flowers become small.
The plant to be divided is watered abundantly. Then, after two hours, they dig it out. Next, they disassemble into sockets. In young species, separation is simpler. Old plants have to use a knife. Each part leaves a piece of rhizome.
The processes are planted in the holes at a distance of 15-20 cm. The holes should be seasoned with humus and spilled. Then for 7-10 days carry out daily watering. It is impossible to fill in so that the rhizome does not rot.
Important! Separation is best done in the spring before the plant blooms or in late summer. However, there are varieties that can be transplanted during flowering. For example, a variety of Julia, Siebold, high.
Division of the bush will also allow you to rejuvenate the flower
Leafy cuttings
The method of primrose propagation by leafy cuttings is used when it is too early to propagate the bush. From the plant, it is necessary to carefully pinch off several outlets. Then they take root in a cool and shaded place.
To root the outlet, place it in the grooves. At their bottom, you need to lay cut sphagnum moss. The roots will appear very quickly - in half a month. Then the stalk is planted in a pot. Its diameter should not be large. The pot is placed in a cold spring greenhouse. Next, a transfer to a permanent place. The planted outlets in the ground for winter are covered with leaves.
In a situation when rhizome pieces remain when dividing the bush, it is possible to try a method of propagation by root cuttings. To do this, they are planted in a light nutrient soil. Depth of landing is 2.5-3 cm. If normal humidity and heat are observed, then new sockets will come out of the kidneys.
Propagation by cuttings is used when it is too early to propagate the bush.
Primrose is a flower that can grow both in the home and on the street. There are numerous varieties of this plant. To propagate it, use three methods: seed, cuttings or dividing the bush. The first one is the most preferred. Caring for primrose is easy enough.
